{"id":10108,"date":"2024-10-10T06:24:15","date_gmt":"2024-10-10T06:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/?p=10108"},"modified":"2024-10-10T06:24:16","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T06:24:16","slug":"some-important-diseases-of-cabbage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/2024\/10\/10\/some-important-diseases-of-cabbage\/","title":{"rendered":"Some Important Diseases of Cabbage"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Black Rot of Cabbage<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This disease is one of the most important diseases of crucifers worldwide and attacks all varieties grown in temperate and semi-tropical regions. Cabbage and cauliflower are more susceptible to infection than other crucifers. Although savoy cabbage is also quite sensitive, broccoli and Brussels sprouts are generally less affected, while radishes are completely resistant to this disease. Other sensitive crucifers include kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, forage turnips, canola, wild mustard, mustard, black mustard, and shepherd&#8217;s purse. Similar bacterial species closely related to the causative agent of this disease can also attack radishes, horseradish, a type of mustard, and winter cress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Symptoms of the Disease:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On cabbage, numerous small brown spots appear on the leaves. All leaves turn yellow or wilt and eventually fall to the ground. Occasionally, infected plants are observed as bare stems with only a few leaves remaining at the top due to excessive leaf drop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the infected stems are cut transversely, a black vascular ring may appear where the bacteria have moved in the water vessels, and similar black spots can be seen on the petioles. The black vascular rings on the petioles closely resemble the symptoms of fusarium yellows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Control:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Seed disinfection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seedlings should not be submerged in water before planting.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sanitation measures such as rapid plowing to bury plant debris and the use of clean, bacteria-free tools and equipment are crucial.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If symptoms of black rot are identified early in the field, the application of copper fungicides, such as Cuprosate 2 g\/l, is effective in reducing disease spread.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sclerotinia Stem Rot (<em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum<\/em>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The causative fungus is polyphagous and has a wide host range, infecting various crops, vegetables, ornamentals, forage plants, garden plants, medicinal plants, and many weeds from different plant families.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Symptoms of the Disease:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fungus produces resting bodies called sclerotia, which provide long-term viability. This fungus can cause disease in various hosts through two specific mechanisms. One mechanism involves the germination of mycelial (myceliogenic) sclerotia in the soil, leading to root and crown rot and ultimately wilting. In the second mechanism, the sclerotia germinate in the soil through a sexual (carpogenic) process, producing a cup-shaped ascomycete (apothecium), and the resulting ascospores cause infections on the aerial parts of various hosts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Control:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A combination of various agronomic, chemical, and biological methods should be employed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Control of weeds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proper planting density.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Appropriate planting dates.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Planting resistant varieties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Long-term rotation with non-host plants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Removal and burial of plant residues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use certified seed free from fungal sclerotia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Balanced application of chemical fertilizers and avoiding excessive nitrogen fertilizers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flooding the soil for about a month (rotation with rice).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chemical control of the disease is usually performed at 20-30% flowering and before petal drop, with the exact timing based on forecasts and environmental conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Various fungicides have been registered and used worldwide for controlling Sclerotinia rot, including benomyl, carbendazim, iprodione, thiophanate-methyl, and tebuconazole. In Iran, tebuconazole (Folicur) at 1 liter per hectare and carbendazim at 1 kilogram per hectare are commonly used. More than 30 biological control agents have also been reported against this pathogenic fungus, and the commercial fungus <em>Coniothyrium minitans<\/em> is currently used in some countries to control Sclerotinia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recently, the use of the fungicide Signum has also been recommended for controlling this disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Black Rot of Cabbage This disease is one of the most important diseases of crucifers worldwide and attacks all varieties<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10109,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71,74,119],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","category-fertilizer","category-plant-clinic-services"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10108"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10110,"href":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10108\/revisions\/10110"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/golsamsepahan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}